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We observed a significant decrease in AIS length in neurons derived from all three patient lines compared to controls. On average, the AIS length in patient neurons was decreased by compared to the controls.Individual raster plots and instantaneous firing frequency plots of neuronal activity on day revealed that EIEE network activity, particularly that of P neurons, displayed periods of rapid network bursts that become shorter and more frequent with time, followed by a brief period of low activity. Another measure of burstiness, the coefficient of variation of interspike interval was elevated in P only. Drug concentrations were chosen based on patient cerebrospinal fluid data from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Experiments included drug concentrations at a halflog above and a halflog below those values, respectively.In wholecell patch clamp recordings, M riluzole completely and reversibly inhibited spontaneous AP firing of P neurons. In evoked firing experiments, riluzole did not inhibit the first AP but blocked all subsequent repetitive firing at nearly all current injections of P and Targetmol’s SNG-1153 control neurons.Acute effects of the drugs were determined by MEA recordings following a minute equilibration time of the drugs in the culture wells.Since the percentage of spikes in network bursts was the most reliable excitability difference for the two patient lines compared to controls, we compared the effects of riluzole and phenytoin on this parameter as well as on the MFR.Twoway ANOVA analysis from vehicle to therapeutic concentration had a significant genotype by treatment interaction meaning that the cells responded to both drugs in a genotypedependent manner.When we plotted the MFR normalized to the pretreatment MFR, we observed a steady decrease in activity with increasing dosage but no differences in the effect of either drug Targetmol’s Neuronostatin-13 human between patient and control. Notably, over the concentration range tested, riluzole had a greater inhibitory effect on both percentage of spikes in network bursts than phenytoin.The observed reduction in AIS length in EIEE patient neurons was unexpected.Others have proposed that AIS shortening is a compensatory mechanism to counter hyperexcitability, and animal models have shown AIS shortening in cortical neurons after TBI or stroke. AIS length is also known to vary with developmental timing and input in the visual cortex. More work is necessary to determine whether AIS shortening in EIEE neurons reflects a compensatory attempt to decrease hyperexcitability or instead relates to altered development.While this approach decreased the variability in our experiments considerably, purely excitatory cultures exhibit spontaneous network burst firing, potentially an epileptiformlike event, under basal conditions. P neurons also displayed a greater interspike interval coefficient of variation than controls. These measures suggest increased activity within network bursts, likely due to the cellintrinsic SCNA gainoffunction mechanisms we identified using single cell electrophysiological analyses.These differences are similar to changes in network bursts observed following the administration of chemoconvulsants such as bicuculline, pentylentetrazole, and aminopyridine. These events were often followed by reduced activity, resulting in no significant differences in burst frequency calculated over the minute recording period.The reproducible differences in bursting parameters we observed between EIEE patient and control neuronal networks allowed us to begin assessing the effects of antiepileptic drugs.